![]() ![]() Much information can be gleaned from simply observing the breathing pattern of the patient while in 100% oxygen. This should not be confused with paradoxical abdominal movement, which is a manifestation of severe dyspnea. It should therefore be intuitive that contraction of the abdominal muscles (abdominal effort) can only assist with expiration. During normal inspiration, diaphragmatic contraction displaces abdominal viscera caudally and the abdominal wall moves out passively (i.e., the chest and abdomen move out together). A normal animal should have a respiratory rate of 15–30 breaths per minute and, because the majority of a resting inspiration is due to diaphragmatic contraction, there should be very little apparent chest movement. Initial evaluation of the respiratory system comprises respiratory rate, effort and respiratory auscultation. Once an animal has suffered a respiratory arrest, the odds are hugely stacked against you-prevention is inordinately better than cure! Apart from the most severe upper airway obstructions, most animals will benefit from a period in 100% oxygen in an oxygen cage prior to a complete major body system evaluation. Dyspneic animals are often as their most fragile immediately following presentation and gentle restraint can prove life threatening. The stress of life-threatening disease coupled with transport and the unfamiliar surroundings of a noisy emergency clinic should never be underestimated. Consequently, the risks of any manipulation must be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. In a critically dyspneic animal, even a brief major body system evaluation can prove fatal, especially in cats. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.Successful emergency management of the animal with difficulty breathing demands that the clinician remain acutely aware of the fragility of the dyspneic patient. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. Links to other sites are provided for information only – they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy editorial process and privacy policy. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. is accredited by URAC, for Health Content Provider (URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. Wheezing and other abnormal sounds can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.Ī.D.A.M., Inc. ![]() They are most often heard when a person breathes out (exhales). High-pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways. Usually it is due to a blockage of airflow in the windpipe (trachea) or in the back of the throat. Wheeze-like sound heard when a person breathes. They occur when air is blocked or air flow becomes rough through the large airways. Rales can be further described as moist, dry, fine, and coarse. They are believed to occur when air opens closed air spaces. They are heard when a person breathes in (inhales). ![]() Small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs. There are several types of abnormal breath sounds. Over-inflation of a part of the lungs ( emphysema can cause this). ![]()
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